{"id":1875,"date":"2019-04-18T10:45:25","date_gmt":"2019-04-18T08:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.arpamed.fr\/?p=1875"},"modified":"2023-04-03T16:30:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-03T14:30:30","slug":"olbia-de-provence-bilan-de-la-campagne-2019","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.arpamed.fr\/en\/olbia-de-provence-bilan-de-la-campagne-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Olbia de Provence, retour sur la campagne 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

A Hy\u00e8res, une fouille sous-marine minutieuse r\u00e9v\u00e8le les vestiges immerg\u00e9s d’un territoire sous contr\u00f4le de la plus ancienne ville de France: Massilia<\/strong>.<\/h4>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"
Un plongeur en action sur le site d’Olbia \u00a9 L. DAMELET CNRS\/CCJ <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Les \u00eeles d\u2019Hy\u00e8res, que les auteurs antiques (Strabon, Pline l\u2019Ancien) appellent Stoechades<\/em>, les \u00ab align\u00e9es \u00bb, sont les t\u00e9moins depuis l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 d\u2019une intense activit\u00e9 humaine. Elles constituent en effet un ancrage g\u00e9ographique strat\u00e9gique : pointe m\u00e9ridionale de la Provence, fronti\u00e8re entre le golfe du Lion et la mer ligure, les \u00eeles forment avec la presqu\u2019\u00eele de Giens un espace semi-ferm\u00e9, lieu d\u2019\u00e9tape incontournable pour les navires effectuant la liaison entre la p\u00e9ninsule italique et la Gaule, voir la p\u00e9ninsule ib\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les habitants de Massalia<\/em>\/Marseille ne s\u2019y sont pas tromp\u00e9s puisqu\u2019ils y ont \u00e9tabli des installations d\u00e8s le Ve<\/sup> s. av. J.-C.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette influence s\u2019accrut au IVe<\/sup> s. av. J.-C. par l\u2019\u00e9tablissement d\u2019une colonie massaliote, Olbia, \u00e0 la racine de la presqu\u2019\u00eele de Giens. Olbia \u00e9tait une colonie militaire qui permettait aux phoc\u00e9ens (les habitants de l\u2019antique Marseille) de contr\u00f4ler une partie du territoire vers l\u2019est. La ville disposait de remparts \u00e9pais, de temples et de commerces. Elle \u00e9volua avec le temps, en particulier lorsque Marseille et ses colonies tomb\u00e8rent aux mains de Rome au Ier<\/sup> s. av. J.-C. Dans les si\u00e8cles de paix qui suivirent, dot\u00e9e notamment de thermes, elle devint progressivement une cit\u00e9 d\u00e9di\u00e9e aux loisirs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Puisque son implantation en bord de\nmer \u00e9tait strat\u00e9gique, elle disposait \u00e9videmment de structures portuaires, mais\nla communaut\u00e9 scientifique s\u2019est longtemps interrog\u00e9e sur la r\u00e9elle position du\nport d\u2019Olbia et son \u00e9volution au cours des si\u00e8cles. Les \u00e9rudits locaux ont\nsugg\u00e9r\u00e9 d\u00e8s 1963 que les \u00ab structures immerg\u00e9es \u00bb visibles depuis la\nsurface pouvaient \u00eatre des traces du port antique. A la fin des ann\u00e9es 2000,\nune \u00e9quipe d\u2019arch\u00e9ologues a tent\u00e9 de percer le myst\u00e8re de la digue d\u2019Olbia en\nr\u00e9alisant quelques relev\u00e9s. Cependant, aujourd\u2019hui encore, personne n\u2019est en\nmesure d\u2019expliquer la fonction des enrochements immerg\u00e9s \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 d\u2019Olbia ni\nde d\u00e9terminer quand ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une campagne scientifique pour lever une partie du voile sur cette \u00e9nigme arch\u00e9ologique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En mars 2019, gr\u00e2ce au soutien du fonds de dotation Arpamed<\/a>, une \u00e9quipe d\u2019arch\u00e9ologues, d\u2019architecte et de topographe du Centre Camille Jullian, unit\u00e9 mixte de recherche d\u2019Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9 et du CNRS, s\u2019est rendu sur place avec l\u2019objectif de lever une partie du voile sur cette \u00e9nigme scientifique.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
R\u00e9alisation d’un lev\u00e9 topographique \u00a9 L. DAMELET CNRS\/CCJ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Durant trois semaines, ils ont\nminutieusement nettoy\u00e9 une grande partie des blocs d\u2019architecture qui\nconstituent la principale structure monumentale de la partie immerg\u00e9e du site.\nA cette occasion, de nombreux d\u00e9tails de mise en \u0153uvre sont apparus sur les\nblocs, en particulier des scellements et des encoches en queue d’aronde destin\u00e9s\n\u00e0 l\u2019assemblage des blocs. Sur certains, les restes d\u2019agrafes en m\u00e9tal, encore enrob\u00e9es\ndans leur gangue de plomb, ont pu \u00eatre observ\u00e9s. Dans une seconde phase, ils\nont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de prises de vue sous-marines pour assurer une couverture\nde la partie orientale de la structure ainsi que de l\u2019amas des blocs situ\u00e9 \u00e0\nson extr\u00e9mit\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Lo\u00efc Damelet, photographe du Centre Camille Jullian, documente les vestiges
\u00a9 L. DAMELET CNRS\/CCJ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Les 10000 photographies prises seront\nassembl\u00e9es au moyen d\u2019un logiciel sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 afin de cr\u00e9er un mod\u00e8le\ntridimensionnel du site, dont sera extrait, en particulier, une vue \u00ab de\ndessus \u00bb qui permettra de dresser un plan pr\u00e9cis des vestiges. Le\ntraitement photogramm\u00e9trique de ces clich\u00e9s requiert une grande puissance de\ncalcul informatique, rendu possible gr\u00e2ce aux services d\u2019outils 2D et 3D mise \u00e0\ndisposition de tous sur les serveurs d\u2019Huma-Num du CNRS. Ce mod\u00e8le 3D sera\npositionn\u00e9 dans l\u2019espace gr\u00e2ce au lev\u00e9 topographique du site r\u00e9alis\u00e9 en\nparall\u00e8le des op\u00e9rations de nettoyage. Il permettra de mettre en regard les\ndeux facettes d\u2019Olbia, terrestre et sous-marine. Les investigations en milieu\nimmerg\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 compl\u00e9t\u00e9es par des prises de vues a\u00e9riennes r\u00e9alis\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide\nd\u2019un engin volant sans pilote afin de compl\u00e9ter notre vision d\u2019ensemble du site\n\u00e9tudi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En conclusion :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien plus complexes que pr\u00e9vu, les vestiges immerg\u00e9s d\u2019Olbia se r\u00e9v\u00e8lent progressivement. Le nettoyage des blocs d\u2019architecture a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments que peu pouvaient soup\u00e7onner. La taille des blocs et la complexit\u00e9 de leurs assemblages intriguent fortement. Ce qui passait pour un simple quai pourrait-il \u00eatre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 une installation bien plus complexe et monumentale ? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Projet port\u00e9 par Laurent Borel et Alex Sabastia, en partenariat avec le Centre Camille Jullian<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La fouille de vestiges portuaires datant du Ve si\u00e8cle avant au Ier si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s notre \u00e8re, permet de d\u00e9gager les premiers vestiges immerg\u00e9s de la cit\u00e9 massaliotes d\u2019Olbia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":2453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"translation":{"provider":"WPGlobus","version":"3.0.2","language":"en","enabled_languages":["fr","en"],"languages":{"fr":{"title":true,"content":true,"excerpt":true},"en":{"title":false,"content":false,"excerpt":false}}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOlbia de Provence, retour sur la campagne 2019 - Arpamed<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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